Abstract: As a lightweight and high-quality structural material, titanium alloy is widely used in aerospace and other fields. Meanwhile, titanium alloy is also a difficult-to-process material, so it is difficult to achieve high quality and highly efficient processing of titanium alloy by conventional machining (CM). Ultrasonic vibration machining (UVM) converts ultrasonic signals into mechanical vibrations to achieve periodic separation of workpieces and tools for better machining effects. Therefore, titanium alloy (TC4) is taken as the research object to establish Abaqus two-dimensional turning finite element model and carry out simulation comparison of CM and UVM for TC4. The simulation results show that UAM can effectively reduce the average the cutting force and the cutting temperature at tool tips compared with CM. Moreover, the cutting effects are further improved with increasement of vibration amplitude under set conditions.