CFRP砂轮与钢基体砂轮高速磨削过程中的动力学特性

杨淮文; 冯伟; 朱建辉; 师超钰; 刘保国; 吴晓磊; 丁浩

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2021.5.0009

CFRP砂轮与钢基体砂轮高速磨削过程中的动力学特性

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2021.5.0009

杨淮文^1,2,
冯伟^1,2, ,,
朱建辉^3,4,
师超钰^3,4,
刘保国^1,2,
吴晓磊^3,4,
丁浩^1,2

1. 河南工业大学机电工程学院, 郑州 450001;
2. 河南省超硬磨料磨削装备重点实验室, 郑州 450001;
3. 超硬材料磨具国家重点实验室, 郑州 450001;
4. 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司, 郑州 450001

基金项目:

NSFC-河南联合基金重点项目资助(U1604254)

河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A460007)

国家自然科学基金面上项目(12072106)

河南省科技攻关项目(212102210362)。

详细信息

作者简介:
杨淮文,男,1997年生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向：高速主轴动力学。E-mail：1005840612@qq.com

通讯作者:
冯伟,男,1981年生,博士、副教授、硕士生导师。主要研究方向：机械动力学、高效精密磨削技术。E-mail:wfeng@haut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG58;TG74
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出版历程
- 修回日期: 2021-06-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-28

Dynamic characteristics of high speed grinding process of CFRP wheel and steel based wheel

YANG Huaiwen^1,2,
FENG Wei^{1,2
, ,},
ZHU Jianhui^3,4,
SHI Chaoyu^3,4,
LIU Baoguo^1,2,
WU Xiaolei^3,4,
DING Hao^1,2

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
2. Henan Key Laboratory of Super Hard Abrasive Grinding Equipment, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Superabrasives, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
4. Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasives & Grinding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究CFRP砂轮与钢基体砂轮在高速磨削过程中的动力学特性，在数控凸轮轴磨床上搭建振动测试试验平台，开展磨削过程的动力学特性试验，研究2种砂轮在不同线速度和不同进给速度下的振动信号变化，并测量磨削后工件的表面粗糙度。结果表明：CFRP砂轮主轴系统的各阶固有频率高于钢基体砂轮主轴系统的各阶固有频率，且磨削过程中激发的优势频率处于高频区域。随着砂轮线速度的增大，GCr15工件表面粗糙度随之发生波动，CFRP基体砂轮磨削表面的粗糙度明显变小，较钢基体砂轮磨削表面的粗糙度减小30%～35%。颤振发生前后，CFRP基体砂轮磨削的表面粗糙度由0.089 μm变为0.091 μm，粗糙度增大2.2%；钢基体砂轮磨削的表面粗糙度由0.135 μm变为0.146 μm，粗糙度增大8.2%。在线速度一定的条件下，随着砂轮进给速度的增加，CFRP砂轮和钢基体砂轮磨削的工件表面粗糙度值都有增加，分别为2.4%和2.9%，但相较于砂轮线速度对工件表面粗糙度值的影响，进给速度对工件表面粗糙度值的影响更小。
- CFRP砂轮 /
- 高速磨削 /
- 动力学特性 /
- 磨削试验 /
- 表面粗糙度
Abstract: To explore the influence of CFRP grinding wheel and steel substrate grinding wheel on the dynamic characteristics of high-speed grinding process, a vibration test platform was built on the CNC camshaft grinding machine, and the dynamic characteristics of grinding process were carried out.The vibration signal changes of two kinds of grinding wheel under different linear speeds and different feed speeds were compared.The surface roughness of workpiece after grinding was measured.The results show that the natural frequencies of the spindle system of CFRP grinding wheel are lower than those of the spindle system of steel matrix grinding wheel, and the dominant frequencies excited in the grinding process are in the high frequency region.With the increase of the linear speed of the grinding wheel, the surface roughness of the GCr15 workpiece fluctuates.The grinding surface roughness of the CFRP based grinding wheel is obviously smaller, which is 30%~35% less than that of the steel based grinding wheel.Before and after chatter, the surface roughness of CFRP grinding wheel changed from 0.089 μm to 0.091 μm, increasing by 2.2%.The surface roughness of steel grinding wheel changed from 0.135 μm to 0.146 μm, increasing by 8.2%.When the line speed is confirmed in a range, with the increase of feed speeds, the surface roughnesses of CFRP grinding wheel and steel substrate grinding wheel both increase, increasing by 2.4% and 2.9%, respectively.However, compared to the influence of line speed on surfaceness, the feed speed has relatively small influence on surface roughness.
- CFRP grinding wheel /
- high speed grinding /
- dynamic characteristics /
- grinding test /
- surface roughness

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图 1 试验系统框图

Figure 1. Block diagram of test system

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图 2 硬件装置Hardwaredevice b 采集系统Dataacquisitionsystem图2 磨削试验Fig.2Grindingexperiment

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图 3 模态试验

Figure 3. Modal experiment

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图 4 CFRP砂轮与钢基体砂轮频响图

Figure 4. Frequency response of CFRP grinding wheel and steel substrate grinding wheel

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图 5 CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel b 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel c CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel d 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel e CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel f 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel g CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel h 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel图5 不同基体砂轮不同线速度下振动信号频谱图Fig.5Spectrumofvibrationsignalofgrindingwheelwithdifferentmatrixanddifferentlinearvelocity

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图 6 砂轮线速度对工件表面粗糙度的影响

Figure 6. Influence of grinding wheel linear speed on workpiece surface roughness

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图 7 CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel b 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel图7 不同砂轮磨削后的工件表面振纹形貌Fig.7Surfacechatterpatternofworkpieceafterdifferentwheelgrinding

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图 8 CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel b 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel c CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel d 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel e CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel f 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel g CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel h 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel图8 不同进给速度下的砂轮振动信号频谱图Fig.8Spectrumofvibrationsignalofgrindingwheelunderdifferentfeedparameters

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图 9 CFRP砂轮CFRPgrindingwheel b 钢基体砂轮Steelsubstrategrindingwheel图9 不同砂轮磨削后的工件表面Fig.9Workpiecesurfaceafterdifferentwheelgrinding

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图 10 不同砂轮进给速度对工件表面粗糙度的影响

Figure 10. Workpiece surface roughness with different wheel feed speeds

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表 1 机床及砂轮参数

Table 1. Parameters of machine tool and grinding wheel

表 2 CFRP基体/钢基砂轮各阶模态和阻尼比

Table 2. Modes and damping ratios of CFRP matrix/steel based grinding wheel