纳米金刚石在医疗和传感器领域的应用

江霖; 王成勇; 张月; 郭紫莹

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0028

纳米金刚石在医疗和传感器领域的应用

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0028

江霖^{1, 2, 3},
王成勇^{1, 2, 3, ,},
张月^{1, 2, 3},
郭紫莹^{1, 2, 3}

1.
广东工业大学机电工程学院, 广州 510006
2.
高性能工具全国重点实验室, 广州 510006
3.
广东省微创手术器械设计与精密制造重点实验室, 广州 510006

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金（52305455）; 智慧医疗创新技术中心-23揭榜制（26330278218）。

详细信息

通讯作者:
王成勇，男，1964年生，教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向：难加工材料的高速高效精密超精密加工理论及工艺、刀具与装备技术。近年来的研究主要涉及模具与汽车零部件高速加工理论及CAD/CAM、高速加工涂层刀具制备；印制电路板机械加工理论、工艺、刀具与装备；生物组织切除理论与医疗器械设计和制造；超硬材料及其工具制造和应用技术等领域。E-mail：cywang@gdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB34
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-08
- 修回日期: 2024-04-10
- 录用日期: 2024-04-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-30

Applications of nanodiamonds in medical and sensor fields

JIANG Lin^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Chengyong^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
ZHANG Yue^{1, 2, 3},
GUO Ziying^{1, 2, 3}

1.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
State Key Laboratory for High performance Tools, Guangzhou 510006, China
3.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments and Manufacturing Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

摘要

摘要: 纳米金刚石不仅具有传统块状金刚石优异的物理和化学性质，还具有良好的生物相容性、光学特性和电学特性等。这些特性使得纳米金刚石在医疗和传感器领域的应用受到了科研人员的广泛关注。系统综述纳米金刚石的制备方法及各种方法的优缺点，指出其在表面改性、生物、光和电等方面的特殊性能，重点总结纳米金刚石在医疗和传感器领域近年来的研究，最后展望纳米金刚石未来的发展和应用前景，并指出其中的不足之处。
- 纳米金刚石 /
- 性能 /
- 医疗 /
- 传感器
Abstract: Significance This study systematically reviews the applications of nanodiamonds in the medical and sensor industries, along with their fabrication techniques and inherent properties. Nanodiamonds, characterized by their unique physicochemical attributes, such as high hardness, favorable biocompatibility, optical characteristics, and electrical properties, are posited to hold substantial promise for diverse applications in these domains. Progress The article delineates a variety of synthesis methods for nanodiamonds, encompassing detonation synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, ball milling, high-temperature high-pressure synthesis, and laser ablation. It also presents an analytical review of the advantages and disadvantages inherent to each technique. Furthermore, the study addresses advancements in nanodiamond surface modification, biocompatibility, and electrical and optical properties. It concludes with a comprehensive summary of nanodiamond applications in the medical and sensor fields, highlighting their utilization in biological labeling and imaging, anti-infective therapy, tissue engineering and repair, cancer treatment, biosensors, electrochemical and gas sensors, and pressure sensors, among others. Conclusions and Prospects The article acknowledges the broad application prospects of nanodiamonds in the medical and sensor sectors, while also highlighting existing research gaps, such as the need for improved purity, yield, and size uniformity during synthesis, challenges in achieving efficient and controllable fluorescence for imaging, and an incomplete understanding of nanodiamonds' metabolic pathways and biological impact within living organisms. The article also speculates on potential future directions for nanodiamond research, including enhancing synthesis quality, achieving precise control over fluorescence properties, elucidating their metabolic pathways and biological effects, and developing more efficient and sensitive biosensors. This review article offers a comprehensive research perspective on the applications of nanodiamonds in the medical and sensor fields, and presents constructive suggestions for future research directions.
- nanodiamonds /
- performance /
- medical treatment /
- sensor

HTML全文

图 1 不同方法制备得到的纳米金刚石实物图

Figure 1. Physical images of nanodiamonds prepared by different methods

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图 2 纳米金刚石表面化学处理的方案^[19]

Figure 2. Scheme for surface chemical treatment of nanodiamonds^[19]

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图 3 纳米金刚石内部缺陷诱导的NV中心寿命^[22]

Figure 3. NV center lifetime induced by internal defects in nanodiamonds^[22]

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图 4 纳米金刚石对细胞和细菌生长的影响

Figure 4. Effects of nanodiamonds on cell and bacterial growth

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图 5 纳米金刚石无标记断层扫描成像^[29]

Figure 5. Nanodiamonds unmarked tomography imaging^[29]

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图 6 纳米金刚石在荧光成像领域的应用

Figure 6. Application of nanodiamonds in fluorescence imaging field

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图 7 纳米金刚石在抗菌和抗感染领域的应用

Figure 7. Application of nanodiamonds in antibacterial and anti infective fields

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图 8 纳米金刚石修复骨组织示意图^[42]

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of nanodiamonds repairing bone tissue ^[42]

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图 9 纳米金刚石在癌症治疗领域的应用

Figure 9. Application of nanodiamonds in cancer therapy

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图 10 荧光纳米金刚石在生物传感器中的应用^[61]

Figure 10. Application of fluorescent nanodiamonds in biosensors ^[61]

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图 11 纳米金刚石在传感器领域的应用

Figure 11. Application of nanodiamonds in sensor field

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图 12 纳米金刚石压力传感器原理示意图^[76]

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of nanodiamonds pressure sensor^[76]

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表 1 纳米金刚石的制备方法、优缺点和未来研究重点

Table 1. Preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages, and future research focus of nanodiamonds

制备方法	粒径 d / nm	优缺点	未来研究重点
爆轰合成法^[5-8]	2～200	优点：高效快速、工艺简单、尺寸范围广；缺点：团聚现象严重、能耗较高、杂质较多	更精确地控制爆轰合成的条件，包括爆炸能量、温度、压力和反应时间等；探索团聚现象的解决方案
化学气相沉积法^[9-10]	10～100	优点：尺寸均匀性好、制备效率高、制备形态丰富（颗粒、薄膜等）；缺点：能耗高、催化剂成本昂贵、废气处理烦琐	更精确地控制化学气相沉积法中的生长条件，包括气相组成、温度、压力和沉积时间等；探索新型前驱体
球磨法^[11-13]	5～500	优点：尺寸范围广、设备简单、适用于多种碳源；缺点：表面损伤、形貌不可控、杂质较多	进一步优化球磨的条件，包括球磨时间、碾磨介质、碾磨速度等；探索新型碳源
高温高压合成法^[14-16]	20～60	优点：尺寸可控、纯度高、适用于大规模生产；缺点：能耗高、设备昂贵、制备时间长	更精确地控制合成条件；探索新型催化剂、碳源
激光烧蚀法^[17-18]	2～10	优点：效率高、安全性高、可控性高、无须催化剂；缺点：表面损伤、光源要求高、制备环境要求严苛	进一步优化激光参数，包括激光功率、脉冲宽度、频率等；探索和应用新型激光源

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表 2 纳米金刚石在医疗和传感器领域的应用与优势

Table 2. Application and advantages of nanodiamonds in medical and sensor fields

应用领域	特性	优势
生物标记与荧光成像	生物相容性、化学稳定性、导电性、荧光特性	精准捕捉、高敏感性、高分辨率
抗菌与抗感染治疗	生物相容性、高比表面积、稳定的晶格结构	抗菌、抗感染、物理破坏、氧化性
组织工程与修复	优异的机械性能、化学稳定性、生物相容性	精确控制和刺激、增强力学性能、结构复杂多样
癌症治疗	表面改性、黏附性、抑制癌细胞扩散游离特性	精准靶向治疗、穿透性强、传递效果好
生物传感器	生物相容性、生物惰性、化学稳定性、荧光特性	高灵敏性、高精度、高效选择性
电化学和气体传感器	大比表面积、导电性、优异的机械性能	强捕捉能力、快速检测能力、高灵敏性、高效选择性
压力传感器	高硬度、结构稳定性、优异的机械性能	高耐用性和耐磨性、高精准性、优异导热性

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