Effect of diamond content on properties of Ni-Cu/diamond composites prepared by electron beam selective melting
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摘要: 为解决传统PDC钻头胎体材料制备方法带来的弊端并提高其性能，采用电子束选区熔化（electron beam selective melting，EBSM）技术成功制备能够用作PDC钻头胎体的Ni-Cu/金刚石复合材料试样，并系统研究金刚石含量对试样耐磨和抗冲蚀性能等的影响。结果表明，随金刚石体积分数增加，Ni-Cu/金刚石复合材料试样的致密度整体呈下降趋势，而其抗弯强度整体呈先减小、后出现一个基本保持不变的平台期、随后再迅速减小的趋势；当金刚石体积分数从10%增加到35%时，试样的磨耗比先逐步增加，在金刚石体积分数为25%时达到最大值1.09，后迅速减小；同时，在抗冲蚀试验中试样的质量损失随金刚石体积分数的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势，在金刚石体积分数为25%时获得最小值7.15 mg。因此，当金刚石体积分数为25%时，EBSM制备的Ni-Cu/金刚石复合材料的耐磨和抗冲蚀性能最佳。
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关键词:
- Ni-Cu/金刚石复合材料 /
- 电子束选区熔化 /
- 抗冲蚀性 /
- 磨耗比
Abstract:Objectives Polycrystalline diamond composite (PDC) drill bits are formed by sintering or inlaying polycrystalline diamond composite into the matrix of the drill bits, and are widely used in the engineering field due to their excellent performance. Compared with steel-body PDC bits, matrix-body PDC bits have superior abrasion resistance and erosion resistance. However, under extremely severe working conditions, the matrix-body PDC drill body material still faces challenges in practical applications, and the preparation process of the drill matrix material is complicated and cumbersome. Therefore, it has become an inevitable trend to prepare drill matrix materials with excellent performance through more efficient preparation methods. Methods Ni-Cu/diamond composites, as potential PDC drill bit matrix, are successfully prepared by electron beam selective melting (EBSM). The effects of diamond content on the wear resistance and erosion resistance of Ni-Cu/diamond composites changes are systematically investigated. Results The results show that the wear ratio of the specimens first increases and then decreases as the volume fraction of diamond increases from 10% to 35%, while the erosion resistance shows an opposite trend. When the volume fraction of diamond is below 25%, the lower content of diamond is sparsely distributed in the metal matrix. At this time, the advantages of its high hardness contribute less to the overall abrasion resistance and erosion resistance of the composite specimens, with the metal matrix occupying the main position. In this diamond content range, the wear ratio of the sample is relatively small but increases with the increase of diamond content, while the weight loss after the erosion test is large but decreases with the increase of diamond content. When the volume fraction of diamond reaches 25%, the diamond particles are uniformly distributed in the metal matrix and tightly bonded to it, significantly enhancing the wear and erosion resistance of the sample. Meanwhile, the wear ratio reaches the maximum value of 1.09, while the weight loss after the erosion test reaches the minimum value of 7.15 mg. However, when the volume fraction of diamond increases to 30% and 35%, excessive diamond particles in the matrix exhibit large-scale agglomeration and direct connection. Due to the loss of the metal matrix's ability to bind and hold them, the diamond particles fall off in clumps during wear and erosion tests, resulting in a significant decrease in wear resistance and erosion resistance of the specimens. Conclusions The wear resistance and erosion resistance of PDC bit matrix materials are key factors determining the overall performance of PDC bits, as expressed by the above wear rate and weight loss after erosion tests. Therefore, it can be concluded that when the diamond volume fraction is 25%, the overall wear resistance of the Ni-Cu/diamond composite material reaches its best level. -
图 1 原料粉末的扫描电镜形貌和粒度分布
Figure 1. SEM morphology and particle size distribution of raw material powder
图 2 不同金刚石体积分数制备的Ni-Cu/金刚石复合材料试样原始形貌
Figure 2. Original morphologies of Ni-Cu/diamond composite samples prepared with different diamond volume fractions
图 3 复合材料致密度随金刚石体积分数的变化
Figure 3. Variations of composite material densities with diamond volume fractions
图 4 不同金刚石体积分数的试样表面形貌
Figure 4. Surface morphologies of samples with different diamond volume fractions
图 5 复合材料抗弯强度随金刚石体积分数的变化
Figure 5. Variation of bending strength of composite materials with diamond volume fractions
图 6 不同金刚石体积分数的试样断口形貌
Figure 6. Fracture morphologies of samples with different diamond volume fractions
图 7 复合材料磨耗比随金刚石体积分数的变化
Figure 7. Variation of composite material wear ratios with diamond volume fractions
图 8 不同金刚石体积分数试样磨损后的表面形貌
Figure 8. Surface morphologies of samples with different diamond volume fractions after wear
图 9 复合材料的质量损失随金刚石体积分数的变化
Figure 9. Variations of weight loss of composite materials with diamond volume fractions
表 1 Ni-Cu30的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of Ni-Cu30
元素 质量分数 ω / % Ni 67.800 Cu 32.000 Al 0.087 Ti < 0.010 O 0.095 
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